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nullhomotopy -- make a null homotopy

Description

nullhomotopy f -- produce a nullhomotopy for a map f of chain complexes.

Whether f is null homotopic is not checked.

Here is part of an example provided by Luchezar Avramov. We construct a random module over a complete intersection, resolve it over the polynomial ring, and produce a null homotopy for the map that is multiplication by one of the defining equations for the complete intersection.

i1 : A = ZZ/101[x,y];
i2 : M = cokernel random(A^3, A^{-2,-2})

o2 = cokernel | 37x2-34xy-25y2 -42xy-5y2      |
              | -5x2+22xy+26y2 18x2+48xy+6y2  |
              | 49x2-40xy+32y2 -20x2+10xy+7y2 |

                            3
o2 : A-module, quotient of A
i3 : R = cokernel matrix {{x^3,y^4}}

o3 = cokernel | x3 y4 |

                            1
o3 : A-module, quotient of A
i4 : N = prune (M**R)

o4 = cokernel | -44x2-19xy+17y2 21x2-15xy-40y2 x3 x2y-48xy2+15y3 -50xy2-38y3 y4 0  0  |
              | x2+48xy-8y2     -40xy+43y2     0  -34xy2-43y3    -36xy2-50y3 0  y4 0  |
              | 43xy+36y2       x2+18xy+27y2   0  36y3           xy2+32y3    0  0  y4 |

                            3
o4 : A-module, quotient of A
i5 : C = resolution N

      3      8      5
o5 = A  <-- A  <-- A  <-- 0
                           
     0      1      2      3

o5 : ChainComplex
i6 : d = C.dd

          3                                                                                 8
o6 = 0 : A  <----------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 1
               | -44x2-19xy+17y2 21x2-15xy-40y2 x3 x2y-48xy2+15y3 -50xy2-38y3 y4 0  0  |
               | x2+48xy-8y2     -40xy+43y2     0  -34xy2-43y3    -36xy2-50y3 0  y4 0  |
               | 43xy+36y2       x2+18xy+27y2   0  36y3           xy2+32y3    0  0  y4 |

          8                                                                            5
     1 : A  <------------------------------------------------------------------------ A  : 2
               {2} | -41xy2         -15xy2+32y3   41y3       12y3       -43y3     |
               {2} | -39xy2-49y3    0             39y3       7y3        -20y3     |
               {3} | -8xy+40y2      45xy+2y2      8y2        16y2       -34y2     |
               {3} | 8x2-4xy+43y2   -45x2+6xy-6y2 -8xy-36y2  -16xy-30y2 34xy+49y2 |
               {3} | 39x2-32xy+34y2 43xy-4y2      -39xy-20y2 -7xy-44y2  20xy+41y2 |
               {4} | 0              0             x+37y      -35y       47y       |
               {4} | 0              0             42y        x+42y      27y       |
               {4} | 0              0             13y        49y        x+22y     |

          5
     2 : A  <----- 0 : 3
               0

o6 : ChainComplexMap
i7 : s = nullhomotopy (x^3 * id_C)

          8                             3
o7 = 1 : A  <------------------------- A  : 0
               {2} | 0 x-48y 40y   |
               {2} | 0 -43y  x-18y |
               {3} | 1 44    -21   |
               {3} | 0 22    32    |
               {3} | 0 -26   -9    |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |

          5                                                                             8
     2 : A  <------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 1
               {5} | -33 8   0 41y     -44x+28y xy-21y2     -5xy-24y2  -29xy-30y2  |
               {5} | 44  -45 0 -9x+42y -37x-14y 34y2        xy+y2      36xy-9y2    |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        x2-37xy+5y2 35xy+43y2  -47xy+10y2  |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        -42xy+33y2  x2-42xy+y2 -27xy-35y2  |
               {5} | 0   0   0 0       0        -13xy-3y2   -49xy-46y2 x2-22xy-6y2 |

                   5
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 2
              0

o7 : ChainComplexMap
i8 : s*d + d*s

          3                    3
o8 = 0 : A  <---------------- A  : 0
               | x3 0  0  |
               | 0  x3 0  |
               | 0  0  x3 |

          8                                       8
     1 : A  <----------------------------------- A  : 1
               {2} | x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {2} | 0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 |

          5                              5
     2 : A  <-------------------------- A  : 2
               {5} | x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  0  x3 |

     3 : 0 <----- 0 : 3
              0

o8 : ChainComplexMap
i9 : s^2

          5         3
o9 = 2 : A  <----- A  : 0
               0

                   8
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 1
              0

o9 : ChainComplexMap

Ways to use nullhomotopy :